5 Reasons Your Rotator Cuff Hurts

You’re mid-backhand in your tennis match when a sharp pain shoots through your shoulder. Or perhaps you’re reaching for a high shelf and feel a sudden twinge. Sound familiar? Both of these scenarios could indicate a rotator cuff injury.

The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. It’s essential for lifting, reaching and rotating your arm. When these tissues become inflamed or injured, it can lead to significant pain and limited mobility.

Common Culprits of Rotator Cuff Pain

"It’s common in our society to have muscle imbalance," explains orthopedic surgeon Nicholas Phillips, D.O. "There are certain muscles in the shoulders that we tend to neglect because it’s not a muscle we regularly strengthen." 

Since the rotator cuff is used often, pain can stem from a variety of causes. Dr. Phillips explains some of the most common reasons:

#1: Overuse Injuries

Repetitive overhead motions, like painting, swimming or playing tennis, can gradually inflame the rotator cuff tendons. Symptoms often include gradual onset of pain, stiffness and weakness. 

Treatment: When a rotator cuff tendon is inflamed from overuse, healing usually happens on its own over time. Treatment typically involves:

• Rest
• Ice
• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Physical therapy

#2: Age-Related Wear and Tear

As we age, the rotator cuff tendons can degenerate, increasing the risk of tears. This is especially common among people over age 40. Symptoms often include gradual pain, stiffness and difficulty lifting the arm. 

Treatment: You may need to see a doctor for this type of rotator cuff pain to go away. Treatment often involves a combination of:

• Rest
• Physical therapy
• Corticosteroid injections
• Surgery (for severe tears)

#3: Acute Injuries

A sudden fall or direct blow to the shoulder can cause a rotator cuff tear. Symptoms include immediate pain, swelling and difficulty moving the arm.

Treatment: A medical evaluation is often recommended for this type of rotator cuff pain. Once evaluated, your doctor may recommend a combination of:

• Rest
• Ice
• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Physical therapy
• Surgery (if needed)

#4: Impingement Syndrome

This happens when the rotator cuff tendons become pinched between the bones of the shoulder joint. It's often caused by repetitive overhead motions or poor posture. Symptoms of impingement syndrome often include pain and weakness in the shoulder, especially when lifting the arm overhead.

Treatment: Similar to the other types of rotator cuff pain, your doctor may recommend:

• Rest
• Ice
• Over-the-counter pain relievers
• Physical therapy
• Corticosteroid injections (in some cases)

#5: Instability

A loose or unstable shoulder joint can put added stress on the rotator cuff, leading to pain and dysfunction. This is more common in people who participate in contact sports or have experienced a shoulder dislocation. Symptoms of rotator cuff instability often include a feeling of looseness or dislocation in the shoulder joint, pain with overhead activities and a clicking or popping sensation.

Treatment: It’s a good idea to have a medical evaluation for this type of rotator cuff pain. Treatment may include:

• Physical therapy to strengthen the shoulder muscles and ligaments
• Surgery (in severe cases)

Preventing Rotator Cuff Pain

The best defense against rotator cuff issues is prevention. Addressing muscle imbalances through targeted exercises can significantly reduce the risk of rotator cuff injuries. Incorporate shoulder-strengthening exercises into your routine, maintain good posture and be mindful of repetitive motions. 

Also, don't wait to seek medical attention if your shoulder pain isn't going away on its own. 

"If it’s persisting beyond a few days and not making improvement, go in to see a physician," advises Dr. Phillips.

Next Steps & Resources

• Meet our source: Nicholas Phillips, D.O.
• To make an appointment with a doctor near you, call 800-822-8905 or visit our website.
• Learn more about our orthopedic services.