Colon Cancer On the Rise in Young People

In recent years, colon cancer rates have followed a surprising trend. While rates of the disease are decreasing in people over 55, more and more young people are developing colon cancer than ever before.

In 2019, 20 percent of colon cancer cases were in patients under 55—almost double the rate in 1995. Today, colon cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men under 50 and the second leading cause in women under 50.

Why Are Younger People Getting Colon Cancer?

“We don't fully understand why cancer rates are changing,” says Jonathan Knowles, M.D., chief of colorectal surgery at JFK University Medical Center. “We know that colorectal cancer impacts different age groups in slightly different ways,” says Dr. Knowles. “We’re pretty certain those differences are due to lifestyle and diet.”

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Experts believe some colon cancer risk factors may be contributing to the trends, including:

• Diet
• Lack of activity
• Heavy alcohol use
• Smoking
• Environmental and genetic factors

Who Should Get Screened for Colon Cancer?

Because of this increase in colon cancer in young people, the recommended age for screening colonoscopies is now 45. A colonoscopy is a visual exam of your colon and rectum. It is the best screening tool for cancer, but other exams, such as stool tests, are available, too.

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“Everyone eligible should get screened,” says Dr. Knowles. “Nobody should feel like they're at low risk, even if they have a healthy diet. Most colon cancer is caused by a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle,” he says.

Colon cancer survival has improved a lot over the last 25 years. With more people getting screened, doctors can spot cancer earlier, when it’s more treatable.

Signs of Colon Cancer?

No matter your age, talk to your doctor if you have any of these symptoms:

• Blood in your stool
• A change in bowel habits that doesn’t go away after a few weeks
• Unusual stools
• Stomach pain that doesn’t go away
• Changes in appetite

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How to Reduce Your Colon Cancer Risk

You can lower your risk of getting colon cancer by making healthy choices, such as:

• Eating a low-fat diet high in plant fiber
• Limiting processed foods like soda and processed meats
• Quitting smoking
• Drinking less alcohol
• Exercising regularly
• Maintaining a healthy weight

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Creating new habits can be tough. Dr. Knowles encourages people to take a long-term view. “To lower your risk of developing diseases like colon cancer, you have to change your lifestyle for long periods of time. If you go on a diet for one month, you may lose some weight, but you won’t change your cancer risk.”

Make small, positive changes a little at a time. And stay on top of your screening schedule.

“Younger people are less likely to get screened and also less likely to be offered tests by their doctors because they're considered lower risk,” Dr. Knowles says. “Look out for symptoms, and talk to your doctor if you’re worried.”

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Next Steps & Resources:

• Make an Appointment: Book an appointment with a gastroenterologist near you, or call 800-822-8905.
• Learn why it’s important to tend to your colon health earlier.
• Schedule a Screening: Detect issues early and ensure peace of mind by scheduling a screening.

The material provided through HealthU is intended to be used as general information only and should not replace the advice of your physician. Always consult your physician for individual care.