Expert Answers to Your HPV Vaccine Questions

Is your adolescent child's well-visit appointment coming up? If so, the pediatrician may recommend the HPV vaccine. 

It's normal to have questions. Maybe you're wondering if it's safe, if it's necessary or how it works. To help you feel prepared for your appointment, let's get you some answers.

In this article, Abraham Aragones, M.D., M.S., an associate member of the Hackensack Meridian Center for Discovery and Innovation, dives into some of the most common questions about the HPV vaccine. 

Is the HPV Vaccine Safe for Both Boys and Girls?

Yes, the HPV vaccine is safe for both boys and girls. It's essential for protecting everyone from HPV-related cancers. While cervical cancer is associated with women, men can develop other HPV-related cancers, such as anal and throat cancer.

How Effective is the HPV Vaccine in Preventing Cancer?

“The HPV vaccine protects against six different types of HPV-associated cancers," Dr. Aragones explains. They include:

• Anal cancer
• Cervical cancer
• Oropharyngeal cancer (throat cancer)
• Penile cancer
• Vaginal cancer
• Vulvar cancer

Studies have shown a major reduction in cervical cancer incidence among vaccinated women. For example, a large study in Sweden found a nearly 90% reduction in cervical cancer among girls vaccinated before age 17. Researchers have seen similar results in other countries.

While the vaccine doesn't offer 100% protection, it significantly lowers a person’s risk of developing HPV-related cancers.

When is the Best Time to Get the HPV Vaccine?

The HPV vaccine is most effective when given to a person before sexual activity begins. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a vaccination age of 11 or 12 for both boys and girls, but anyone can get the vaccine up to age 26.

"Even if the vaccine is received later, it can still provide protection, but the optimal time is before sexual activity begins," says Dr. Aragones.

Why Should My Child Get the HPV Vaccine If They're Not Sexually Active?

While it's true that HPV is spread through sexual contact, the best time to get the vaccine is before a child becomes sexually active. This is because the vaccine works by helping the body build immunity to HPV before exposure to the virus.

Think of it like wearing a protective shield. Getting vaccinated early gives your child the best chance of avoiding HPV-related health problems later in life.

Can I Still Get the HPV Vaccine if I'm Already Sexually Active?

Yes, you can still get the HPV vaccine even if you're sexually active. While it might not protect you from HPV strains you've already been exposed to, it can still protect you from other HPV types.

Can the HPV Vaccine Help if I'm Already Infected With HPV?

While the HPV vaccine doesn't treat an existing HPV infection, it can still be beneficial. It provides:

• Protection against other HPV types: The HPV vaccine protects against multiple strains of HPV. If you are already infected with one strain, the vaccine can still protect you from other strains you haven't been exposed to yet.
• Reduced risk of cervical cancer: Even if you’re already infected with HPV, getting the vaccine can still lower the risk of developing cervical cancer.
• Boosted immune response: The vaccine may help the body's immune system fight off the HPV infection you already have.

Why is the HPV Vaccine Not Recommended After Age 26?

Here are some reasons for this age recommendation:

• Efficacy: When given before sexual activity begins, immunity can develop before exposure to HPV. Many people are sexually active by age 26.
• Risk of HPV infection: The risk of acquiring a new HPV infection decreases with age.
• Cost-effectiveness: The CDC's recommendations are based on factors such as the vaccine's benefits, risks and costs.

If you're older than 26 and haven’t been vaccinated, talk to your doctor about the potential benefits and risks of getting the vaccine. They can assess your situation and make recommendations based on your specific circumstances.

Does the HPV Vaccine Cause Infertility?

Short answer: No.

There's no scientific evidence linking the HPV vaccine to infertility. This myth has been thoroughly debunked by medical experts, including Dr. Aragones. The truth is that the vaccine can indirectly protect fertility by preventing cervical cancers and their treatments, which can sometimes impact fertility.

What Are the Side Effects of the HPV Vaccine?

Like most vaccines, the HPV vaccine may cause mild side effects, such as soreness, redness or swelling at the injection site. Some people may experience headache, fever or muscle aches. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. 

"If you need to compare this vaccine to any other vaccine, this is one that comes with a lower number of side effects," notes Dr. Aragones.

How Many Doses of the HPV Vaccine Are Needed?

The number of HPV vaccine doses depends on your age when you start the vaccine series. Typically, children aged 11 or 12 need two doses, while those who start the series at age 15 or older need three doses.

Is the HPV Vaccine Covered by Insurance?

In most cases, yes, the HPV vaccine is covered by insurance. But it's always a good idea to check with your insurance provider to confirm coverage.

Can I Get the HPV Vaccine If I'm Pregnant?

No, you should not get the HPV vaccine if you’re pregnant. If you become pregnant after starting the vaccine series, you can finish the series after giving birth.

How Long Does the HPV Vaccine Last?

The length of time that the HPV vaccine offers protection against HPV-related diseases is still being studied. Current evidence shows that the vaccine protects against HPV-related diseases for anywhere from 6 to 11 years, depending on the specific vaccine. 

Now that you have these answers to common HPV vaccine questions, you can confidently discuss the topic with your child's pediatrician. By understanding the facts and addressing your concerns, you'll be fully prepared to make informed decisions about your child's health.

Next Steps & Resources

• Meet our expert: Abraham Aragones, M.D., M.S.
• To make an appointment with a doctor near you, call 800-822-8905 or visit our website.
• Learn more about our primary care services.

The material provided through HealthU is intended to be used as general information only and should not replace the advice of your physician. Always consult your physician for individual care.