Sanitary Napkins and Tampon Safety Precautions Every Girl Should Know
March 18, 2025
Let's say you’ve been using the same brand of tampons or pads for years without a second thought. Recently, you stumbled across a viral video claiming some sanitary products contain harmful chemicals – and suddenly, you’re wondering if you should make a switch.
With growing concerns about toxic metals and chemicals in our products, it’s natural to ask: Are pads and tampons really safe? While research is still developing, understanding the facts about menstrual product safety can help you make informed choices.
To help break down what we know (and don’t know) about these products, Heather Appelbaum, M.D., a pediatric and adolescent gynecologist at Jersey Shore University Medical Center, shares expert insight into the precautions you should take when choosing and using sanitary products.
What’s in Your Menstrual Products?
Most people assume that pads and tampons are made from simple, safe materials, but some reports suggest they may contain traces of chemicals and metals, including arsenic and lead.
“The chemicals found in menstrual products are often added for antibacterial purposes, nonstick properties or fragrance,” says Dr. Appelbaum. “While there is concern about their safety, there is still not enough data to draw any conclusions.”
A recent study tested various tampon brands and detected trace amounts of metals, but the researchers emphasized that more studies are needed to determine how much, if any, is absorbed by the body.
Can Pads and Tampons Cause Health Issues?
For most people, using pads and tampons is perfectly safe when used correctly. But some products can cause discomfort, rashes or even allergic reactions – especially if they contain fragrances, dyes or synthetic materials.
Some pads have linings that can be irritating to the skin, leading to burning sensations or rashes. If you experience discomfort while using a product, switching to unscented, hypoallergenic options may help.
Tampons do carry a small risk of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) – a rare but serious bacterial infection. To lower your risk, never leave a tampon in for more than four hours and consider using the lowest absorbency necessary for your flow.
Are There Safer Alternatives?
For those concerned about chemicals or side effects, there are alternative menstrual products available, including:
- Organic cotton pads and tampons: Made without dyes and fragrances, these may reduce the risk of irritation.
- Menstrual cups: Typically made of medical-grade silicone or rubber, they are reusable and generally free from added fragrances or dyes. Anyone with silicone or latex sensitivities should check the material before use.
- Period underwear: Designed with absorbent layers to replace or supplement other products, but materials and treatments vary by brand. Checking for certifications and ingredient transparency can help ensure a safer choice.
While these options can be great alternatives, the best choice is the one that works for you.
Precautions to Take When Using Sanitary Products
Even if menstrual products are generally safe, how you use them matters. Keep these precautions in mind:
- Change pads and tampons regularly: Every four to eight hours is ideal to prevent bacterial growth and discomfort.
- Use the right absorbency: A super-absorbent tampon may sound convenient, but if your flow doesn’t require it, it could increase your risk of TSS.
- Choose unscented products: Fragrances can disrupt vaginal pH levels and cause irritation or infections.
- Wash your hands before and after use: This simple habit reduces the risk of infections.
- Watch for any discomfort: If a product causes itching, burning or a rash, switch to a different brand or material.
In some cases, menstrual products can cause unexpected side effects. Seek medical attention if you notice:
- Unusual or severe irritation that doesn’t improve after switching products.
- Symptoms of TSS (high fever, rash, dizziness, nausea).
- Persistent vaginal infections after using new menstrual products.
- Abnormal or foul-smelling discharge, which could indicate an infection.
If you’re ever unsure whether a symptom is normal, checking with your doctor is the best course of action.
Sanitary Napkins and Tampons Safety: The Bottom Line
While concerns about chemicals in menstrual products exist, there’s no clear evidence that they pose a serious risk.
"More studies are needed to understand the amount of chemicals that are actually absorbed by the body and what, if any, is the effect on reproductive and other health outcomes," says Dr. Appelbaum.
Taking simple precautions – such as changing products regularly, avoiding scented items and choosing trusted brands – can help ensure a safer and more comfortable experience.
And if you (or your child) experience discomfort, or if you have concerns about your menstrual health, talk to your doctor. They can help you find the approach to your menstrual health that works best for you.
Next Steps & Resources
- Meet our experts: Heather Appelbaum, M.D.
- To make an appointment with Dr. Appelbaum or a doctor near you, call 800-822-8905 or visit our website.
- Learn more about our pediatric and adolescent gynecology or adult gynecology services.
The material provided through HealthU is intended to be used as general information only and should not replace the advice of your physician. Always consult your physician for individual care.
